Hondo pakati peumambo neumambo yakagadzirisa zvose zviri zviviri nyaya dzinokosha uye nhando.Hondo dzemazuva ese dzinorwirwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzine gakava uye dzimwe nguva kune vakabirwa vakaroora.Kumadokero kweAsia kwakakuvadzwa nekupokana kwemafuta uye miganhu inopokana.Kunyangwe izvi zvimiro zvepashure peHondo Yenyika II zvave kumucheto, masisitimu akavakirwa pamitemo yepasirese ari kuwedzera kumanikidza nyika kuti dzipinde muhondo dzisina kujairika.Hondo itsva isina kujairika ye geo-economic war yave kusuwa.Kufanana nezvimwe zvese munyika ino yakabatana, India inosungirwa kuve nechekuita uye nekumanikidzwa kusarudza chinzvimbo, asi kukakavara kwakakanganisa kukosha kwayo uye kwehurongwa.Simba rehupfumi.Muchirevo chekunetsana kwenguva refu, kushaikwa kwekugadzirira kunogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya India.
Semiconductor machipisi ari kuita madiki uye akaomarara gore rega rega, zvichikonzera kurwisana pakati pemasimba makuru.Aya masilicon machipisi chikamu chakakosha chenyika yanhasi, chinogona kusimudzira basa, varaidzo, kutaurirana, dziviriro yenyika, kukura kwekurapa, zvichingodaro.Nehurombo, ma semiconductors ave nhandare yekurwira yemakakatanwa anofambiswa netekinoroji pakati peChina neUnited States, aine masimba makuru ari kuyedza kubata hutongi.Kufanana nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzisina kunaka, India inoratidzika kunge iri pasi pemwenje.
Nyika yeIndia ine bongozozo inogona kuenzanisirwa zvakanyanya nechidimbu chitsva.Kufanana nematambudziko ese apfuura, iyo itsva cliché yakaitwa mari mukukonana kuri kuitika: semiconductors ndiwo mafuta matsva.Dimikira iri rakaunza izwi risina kugadzikana kuIndia.Sezvakangoita kutadza kugadzirisa matura emafuta emunyika kwemakumi emakore, hurumende yeIndia yakatadzawo kumisa chikuva chekugadzira semiconductor chinoshanda cheIndia kana kuchengetedza hurongwa hwekugovera chipset.Tichifunga kuti nyika inovimba nehunyanzvi hweruzivo (IT) uye masevhisi ane hukama kuwana geo-economic impact, izvi zvinoshamisa.Mumakumi maviri emakore apfuura, India yanga ichikurukura nezvezvivakwa zvemachira, asi hapana kufambira mberi kwaitwa.
Bazi reMagetsi neIndasitiri rakakoka zvakare chinangwa chekutaura chinangwa chayo che "kumisa/kuwedzera chiripo chemiconductor wafer/device kugadzira (machira) zvivakwa muIndia kana kuwana mafekitori esemiconductor kunze kweIndia" kuti vatangezve kuita izvi.Imwe sarudzo inogoneka ndeye kuwana ma foundries aripo (akawanda ayo akavharwa pasi rose gore rapfuura, aine matatu muChina chete) uye wozoendesa chikuva kuIndia;kunyange zvakadaro, zvinotora makore maviri kusvika matatu kuti apedze.Mauto akavharwa anogona kusundirwa kumashure.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kukanganiswa kwegeopolitics uye kukanganiswa kweketani kunokonzerwa nedenda kwakakuvadza maindasitiri akasiyana muIndia.Semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekukuvara kwepombi yekugovera chip, mutsara wekutakura wekambani yemotokari wakawedzerwa.Mota zhinji dzemazuvano dzinotsamira pamwero mukuru pane akasiyana epakati mabasa emachipisi nemidziyo yemagetsi.Izvi zvinoshandawo kune chero zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine chipset seyepakati.Kunyangwe machipisi echikuru achigona kubata mamwe mabasa, kune akakosha maapplication akadai seartificial intelligence (AI), 5G network kana hurongwa hwekudzivirira mapuratifomu, mabasa matsva ari pasi pegumi nanometers (nm) anozodiwa.Parizvino, kune vagadziri vatatu chete munyika vanogona kugadzira 10nm uye pazasi: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), South Korea's Samsung neAmerican Intel.Sezvo kuomarara kwemaitiro kunowedzera zvakanyanya uye kukosha kwekukosha kwemachipisi akaoma (5nm uye 3nm) kunowedzera, aya makambani matatu chete anogona kuendesa zvigadzirwa.United States inoedza kuburitsa kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hweChina kuburikidza nezvirango uye zvipingaidzo zvekutengesa.Pamwe chete nekusiiwa kwemidziyo yeChinese nemachipisi nenyika dzine hushamwari uye dzine hushamwari, iyi pombi iri kupera inosvinwa zvakare.
Munguva yakapfuura, zvinhu zviviri zvaitadzisa kudyara muIndia machira.Chekutanga, kuvaka chirairo chemakwikwi chinoda huwandu hukuru hwekudyara mari.Semuyenzaniso, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) yakavimbisa kuisa US$2-2.5 bhiriyoni kugadzira machipisi ari pasi pegumi nemanomita mufekitori itsva muArizona, USA.Machipisi aya anoda muchina wakakosha welithography unodhura mari inodarika $150 miriyoni.Kuunganidza mari yakawanda kudaro inobva pamutengi uye kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakapedzwa.Dambudziko rechipiri reIndia nderekusakwana uye kusingatarisike kupihwa kwezvivakwa zvakaita semagetsi, mvura uye zvinhu.
Pane chechitatu chakavanzika chakavanzika kumashure: kusatarisika kwezviito zvehurumende.Kufanana nehurumende dzese dzakapfuura, hurumende iripo yaratidzawo kukasika uye hudzvinyiriri.Vagadziri vemari vanoda chokwadi chenguva refu muhurongwa hwepolicy.Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti hurumende haina basa.Vese China neUnited States vane hunyanzvi hwekukosha kune semiconductors.Sarudzo yeTSMC yekudyara muArizona yakasundwa nehurumende yeUS mukuwedzera kune inozivikanwa kwazvo hurumende yeChina kupindira muchikamu cheIT chenyika.Veteran Democrat Chuck Schumer (Chuck Schumer) parizvino ari muSeneti yeUS yekudyidzana kwebipartisan kupa rubatsiro rwehurumende kumakambani anodyara muzvigadzirwa, 5G network, hungwaru hwekugadzira uye quantum computing.
Pakupedzisira, gakava rinogona kunge riri rekugadzira kana kutengesa kunze.Asi, zvinotonyanya kukosha, hurumende yeIndia inofanirwa kupindira nekutora zviito zvebipartisan, kunyangwe iine kuzvida, kuve nechokwadi chekuvepo kweiyo dhizaini yekugovera chip cheni, zvisinei nechimiro chayo.Iyi inofanira kunge iri nzvimbo yayo isingagone kutaurirana yakakosha.
Rajrishi Singhal mupi wezano, mutori wenhau uye munyori.Twitter mubato wake ndi @rajrishisanghal.
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Nguva yekutumira: Mar-29-2021